Hydraulic power steering is very dependable, but complex in operation. When problems occur a basic understanding prevents many expensive mistakes.
Virtually all vehicles built today employ power steering. Electric steering is becoming increasingly popular, but for the foreseeable future, hydraulic steering is likely to remain prevalent. Hydraulic steering uses a pump, normally driven by a belt. The pump supplies pressure, and driver control is supplied by either the rack and pinion or a steering gear box.
Much of the system is similar, whether a rack and pinion or a steering box is used. Rack and pinion offers lighter weight and more precise control. Steering gears are more durable and tolerate rough treatment far better. This is why many SUV and truck applications use steering gear boxes.
With either system, fluid pressure from the pump is used to push against a piston. When the wheel is turned, pressure flows to one side and the piston moves. The piston is attached to the steering gears. Hydraulic pressure does the work, and the driver controls the direction by turning the steering wheel.
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